 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
Sains Malaysiana 52(10)(2023): 2747-2759
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5210-02
Growth Response of Lobster Panulirus homarus Reared in Tanks and in Floating Net
Cages Fed with Compound and Fresh Feed
(Tindak Balas Pertumbuhan Udang Galah Panulirus homarus Diternak dalam Tangki dan dalam Sangkar Jaring Terapung Diberi Makanan Sebatian dan Segar)
NYOMAN ADIASMARA GIRI1,*, SIMON IRVIN2,
HARYANTI1, SUDEWI1, BEJO SELAMET1, CLIVE M.
JONES3 & MUJIONO1
1Research Center for Fishery, National Research and Innovation
Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Indonesia
2CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, Australia
3James Cook University, Australia
Received: 25 May 2023/Accepted: 15 September
2023
Abstract
Feeding efficiency is an important factor that
supports the success of lobster grow-out culture. This study aimed to
investigate growth of different sex of lobsters after being fed with
combination of compound and fresh feed in indoor tanks (experiment-1) and
growth of male lobster fed with different co-feeding diets in net floating
cages (experiment-2). In experiment-1, five replicates of ten lobsters (191.1 ±
18.1 g) for each different sex (i.e., all males, males and females, and all
females) were reared in 2 × 2 × 1 m3 tanks with flow through water
system and fed with combination of compound (75%) and fresh feed (25%) for 120
days. In experiment-2, four replicates of 20 all male lobsters (183.6 ± 17.6 g)
were reared in 12 net cages of 2 × 2 × 2.5 m3 and were fed with
compound feed only, compound feed (75%) and fresh feed (25%), and compound feed
(75%) with mussel meat (25%) for 120 days. Experiment-1 showed that growth
(quantified as weight gain) of all male lobsters was the highest (59.4 ± 10.0 g). Experiment-2 showed that compound feed
combined with fresh feed resulted in higher growth of lobster (0.73 ±
0.17 g) than 100% compound feed. There
was no difference in survival rate of lobster among the treatment in both
experiments with 94 – 100% in experiment-1 and 75.2 to 85.0% in experiment-2.
The mortality of lobster caused by Milky Hemolymph Disease (MHD) in floating cage was found higher than in indoor tanks.
Keywords: Compound feed; fresh feed; growth; Panulirus homarus
Abstrak
Kecekapan memberi makan adalah faktor penting yang menyokong kejayaan pembiakan kultur udang galah. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tumbesaran udang galah berbeza jantina selepas diberi makan dengan gabungan makanan sebatian dan segar dalam tangki dalaman (uji kaji-1) dan tumbesaran udang galah jantan yang diberi makan dengan diet makanan berbeza dalam sangkar jaring terapung (uji kaji-2). Dalam uji kaji-1, lima replikasi sepuluh udang galah (191.1 ± 18.1 g) untuk setiap jantina berbeza (semua jantan, jantan dan betina serta semua betina) telah diternak dalam tangki 2 × 2 × 1 m3 dengan aliran melalui sistem air dan diberi makan dengan gabungan sebatian (75%) dan makanan segar (25%) untuk 120 hari. Dalam uji kaji-2, empat replikasi 20 udang galah semua jantan (183.6 ± 17.6 g) diternak dalam 12 sangkar jaring 2 × 2 × 2.5 m3 dan diberi makan dengan makanan sebatian sahaja, makanan sebatian (75%) dan makanan segar (25%) dan makanan sebatian (75%) dengan daging kerang (25%) untuk 120 hari. Uji kaji-1 menunjukkan bahawa tumbesaran (dihitung sebagai penambahan berat badan) udang galah semua jantan adalah yang tertinggi (59.4 ±
10.0 g). Uji kaji-2 menunjukkan bahawa makanan sebatian digabungkan dengan makanan segar menghasilkan tumbesaran udang galah yang lebih tinggi (0.73 ± 0.17 g) daripada makanan sebatian 100%. Tiada perbezaan dalam kadar kemandirian udang galah antara rawatan dalam kedua-dua uji kaji dengan 94 - 100% dalam uji kaji-1 dan 75.2 hingga 85.0% dalam uji kaji-2. Kematian udang galah disebabkan oleh Milky Hemolymph Disease (MHD) dalam sangkar terapung didapati lebih tinggi daripada dalam tangki dalaman.
Kata kunci: Makanan sebatian; makanan segar; Panulirus homarus; pertumbuhan
REFERENCES
Adiyana, K. & Pamungkas, A. 2017. Water quality and production response during spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus)
juvenile rearing using individual shelter on recirculating aquaculture. Media Akuakultur 12(2): 75-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.12.2.2017.75-83
Adiyana, K., Supriyono, E., Zairin-Junior, M.
& Thesian, L. 2014. Application of various shelters on stress
response and survival rate of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus nursery. Jurnal Kelautan Nasional 9(1): 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkn.v9i1.6197
Alexander Chong, S-C., Han, W., Carter, C.G.,
Fitzgibbon, Q.P., Simon, C.J., Kuah, M., Battaglene, S.C., Codabaccus,
B.M. & Ventura, T. 2017. Effect of dietary lipid source on expression of
lipid metabolism genes and tissue lipid profile in juvenile spiny lobster Sagmariasus verreauxi. Aquaculture 479: 342-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.05.036
Association of Official Analytical Chemist
(AOAC). 1990. Official Methods of
Analysis. 12th eds. Washington, D.C. Association of Official Analytical
Chemists. p. 1141.
Bahrawi, S., Priyambodo, B. & Jones, C. 2015. Census of the lobster seed fishery of Lombok. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture
Development in Indonesia, Vietnam and Australia, edited by Jones, C.M. Proceedings of the International Lobster
Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok,
Indonesia, 22-25 April 2014. ACIAR Proceedings No. 145. Australian
Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra. pp. 12-19.
Balkhair, M., Al-Mashiki, A. & Chesalin, M.
2012. Experimental rearing of spiny
lobster, Panulirus homarus (Palinuridae) in land-based tanks at Mirbat Station (Sultanate of Oman) in 2009-2010. Agricultural
and Marine Sciences 17: 33-43. https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/jams/article/view/662
Battison, A.L. 2018. Use of
the Brix value with cuticle indices to describe haemolymph biochemistry parameters in Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda:
Malacostraca: Nephropidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology 38(5): 625-634. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruy048
FAO. 2016. 2014
FAO Yearbook. Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics. Food and Agriculture
Gora, A., Jayasankar,
V., Rehman, S., Kizhakudan,
J.K., Laxmilatha, P. & Vijayagopal,
P. 2018. Biochemical responses of juvenile rock spiny lobster Panulirus homarus under
different feeding regimes. Journal of
Applied Animal Research 46(1): 1462-1468. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1533475
Haryanti, Widiastuti,
Z., Fahrudin, Sembiring,
S.B.M., Permana, G.N. & Sugama,
K. 2021. The effect of probiotic and prebiotic-MOS on the survival, growth and
immune competence on spiny lobster Panulirus homarus culture. The 4th International Symposium on
Marine and Fisheries Research, IOP Conf.
Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 919: 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/919/1/012050
Haryanti, Sembiring, S.B.M., Sudewi, Widiastuti, Z., Giri, N.A. & Sugama, K. 2017. Immunity response of juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus with probiotic supplementation on moist diets. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 12(1): 85-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.12.1.2017.85-97 Hoang, D.H., Sang, H.M., Kien, N.T. & Bich, N.T.K. 2009. Culture of Panulirus ornatus lobster fed fish by-catch or co-cultured Perna viridis mussel in sea cages in Vietnam. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture in the AsiaPacific Region, edited by Williams, K.C. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 910 December 2008. ACIAR Proceedings No. 132. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra. pp.118-125.
Huong, L.L., Thi, V.L., Thai, T.H., Jones, C., Sang, H.M., Kien, N.T., Bich, N.T.K., Kim,
H.P.T., An, K.N., Trung, D.H., Huu,
T.P. & Tan, H.D. 2015. Comparative assessment of manufactured pellet feed
and traditional trash fish feed on production of tropical rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) and
environmental effects in sea-cage culture in Vietnam. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture Development in Indonesia,
Vietnam and Australia, edited by Jones, C.M. Proceedings of the International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok, Indonesia, 22-25 April 2014.
ACIAR Proceedings No. 145. Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research, Canberra. pp. 118-125.
Huu, H.D. & Jones,
C.M. 2014. Effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide supplementation on juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Palinuridae). Aquaculture 432: 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.013
Irvin, S.J. & Shanks, S. 2015. Tropical
spiny lobster feed development: 2009-2013. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture Development in Indonesia,
Vietnam and Australia, edited by Jones C.M. Proceedings of the International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok,
Indonesia, 22-25 April 2014. ACIAR Proceedings No. 145. Australian Centre
for International Agricultural Research. Canberra.
Irvin, S.J. & Williams, K.C. 2009.
Comparison of the growth and survival of Panulirus ornatus seed lobsters held in individual
or communal cages. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture in
The Asia-Pacific Region, edited by Williams, K.C. Proceeding of an International Symposium, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 9-10 December 2008. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Canberra. pp. 89-95.
Irvin, S.J. & Williams, C.K. 2009. Panulirus ornatus lobster feed development: From trash fish to formulated feeds. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture in the
Asia–Pacific Region, edited by Williams, K.C. Proceedings of an International Symposium, Nha Trang, Vietnam, 9-10 December 2008.
ACIAR Proceedings No. 132. Australian Centre for International Agricultural
Research. Canberra.
Johnston, D., Melville-Smith, R. &
Hendriks, B. 2007. Survival and growth of western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus (George) fed formulated diets with and without fresh mussel supplement. Aquaculture 273(1): 108-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.09.020
Jones, C.M. 2018. Progress and obstacles in
establishing rock lobster aquaculture in Indonesia. Bull. Mar. Sci. 94(3): 1223-1233. https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2017.1157
Jones, C. 2015. Summary of disease status
affecting tropical spiny lobster aquaculture in Vietnam and Indonesia. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture Development
in Indonesia, Vietnam and Australia, edited by Jones, C.M. Proceedings of the International Lobster
Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok,
Indonesia, 22-25 April 2014. ACIAR Proceedings No. 145. Australian
Centre for International Agricultural Research. Canberra.
Koesharyani,
I., Lasmika, N.L.A. & Sugama,
K. 2021. Study on milky haemolymph diseases infection
in wild and cultured of spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus in Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 890: 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012034
Mai, M.D. & Tran, L.T. 2022. Growth
performance of scalloped spiny lobster Panulirus homarus(Linaeus) fed
formulated diet in recirculating system. Agriculture,
Forestry and Fisheries 11(1): 1-7. http://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20221101.11
Marchese, G., Fitzgibbon, Q.P., Trotter, A.J.,
Carter, C.G., Jones, C.M. & Smith, G.G. 2019. The influence of flesh
ingredients format and krill meal on growth and feeding behavior of juvenile
tropical spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus.
Aquaculture 499: 128-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.019
Mendo, T., Simon, C.,
Green, B. & Gardner, C. 2016. Spatial variability in condition of southern
rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) at
the start of the Tasmanian fishing season. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166343
Nankervis, L. & Jones, C. 2022. Recent
advances and future directions in practical diet formulation and adoption in
tropical Palinurid lobster aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture 14: 1830-1842. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12675
NRC. 1993. Nutrient
Requirements of Fish. National Academy Press. Washington, D.C. p. 114.
Petersen, L., Jones, C. & Priyambodo, B. 2015. Bio-economics of spiny lobster farming
in Indonesia. In Spiny Lobster
Aquaculture Development in Indonesia, Vietnam and Australia, edited
by Jones, C.M. Proceedings of the
International Lobster Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok, Indonesia, 22-25 April 2014. ACIAR Proceedings No. 145.
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: Canberra.
Priyambodo,
B. & Jones, C. 2015. Building Indonesia’s lobster farming industry. In Spiny Lobster Aquaculture Development
in Indonesia, Vietnam and Australia, edited by Jones, C.M. Proceedings of the International Lobster
Aquaculture Symposium, Lombok,
Indonesia, 2-25 April 2014. ACIAR Proceedings No. 145. Australian Centre
for International Agricultural Research: Canberra.
Rathinam, A.M.M., Kandasami, D., Kizhakudan, J.K.,
Leslie, V.A. & Gandhi, A.D. 2009. Effect of dietary protein on the growth
of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus (Linnaeus). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India 51(1): 114-117. http://mbai.org.in/php/journal.php
Ratunil, V.B. 2017. Growth
and survival of ornate spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) in nursery under laboratory condition. Philippine Journal on Agricultural Economics 1: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.7719/pjae.v1i1.483
Simon, C.J. & Jeffs,
A. 2008. Feeding and gut evacuation of cultured juvenile spiny lobsters, Jasus edwardsii. Aquaculture 280(1-4): 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.019
Solanki, Y., Jetani,
K.L., Khan, S.I., Kotiya, A.S., Makawana,
N.P. & Rather, M.A. 2012. Effect of stocking density on growth and survival
rate of spiny lobster Panulirus polyphagus in
cage culture system. International
Journal of Aquatic Science 3(1): 3-14.
Subhan, R.Y., Supriyono, E., Widanarni & Djokosetiyanto, D. 2018. Grow-out of spiny lobster Panulirus sp.
with high stocking density in controlled tanks. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 17(1): 53-60. https://doi.org/10.19027/jai.17.1.53-60
Smith, D.M., Williams, K.C., Irvin, S.,
Barclay, M. & Tabrett, S. 2003. Development of a
pelleted feed for juvenile tropical spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus): Response to dietary protein
and lipid. Aquaculture Nutrition 9:
231-237. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00248.x
Sudewi, Widiastuti,
Z., Wardana, I.K. & Mahadika,
K. 2020. Molecular detection and phylogenetic of milky hemolymph disease: Case from different locations in Indonesia. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 9(1): 48-56. http://doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v9i1
Sudewi, Astuti,
N.W.W., Fahrudin, Giri,
I.N.A. & Slamet, B. 2021. Growth and survival of
spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus fed
fresh food and formulated diet. IOP Conf.
Series: Earth and Environmental
Science. 890: 012036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/890/1/012036
Vijayakumaran,
M., Anbarasu, M. & Kumar, T.S. 2010. Moulting and growth in communal and individual rearing of
the spiny lobster, Panulirus homarus. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India 52(2): 274-281. http://mbai.org.in/php/journaldload.php?id=2171&bkid=102
Vijayakumaran,
M., Venkatesan, R., Muragan,
T.S., Kumar, T.S., Jha, D.K., Remany,
M.C., Thalikam, J.M.L., Jahan, S.S., Dharani, G., Kathiroli, S. & Selvan, K.
2009. Farming of spiny lobsters in sea cages in India. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 43:
623-634. https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330909510028
Wang, G. & McGaw, I.J. 2014. Use of serum
protein concentration as an indicator of quality and physiological condition in
the lobster Homarus americanus (Milne-Edwards, 1837). Journal of
Shellfish Research 33(3): 805-813. https://doi.org/10.2983/035.033.0315
Wijaya, Y., Aslamyah, S. & Usman, Z. 2011. Response to molting,
growth, and mortality of mangrove crabs (Scylla olivacea) induced with vitomolt through injection and inclusion in artificial feed. Ilmu Kelautan (Indonesian
Journal of Marine Sciences) 16(4): 211-218. https://doi.org/10.14710/ik.ijms.16.4.211-218
Williams, K.C. 2007. Nutritional requirements
and feeds development for post-larval spiny lobster: A review. Aquaculture 263: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.10.019
*Corresponding author; email: inyo012@brin.go.id
|
|||
|
